Best Sowing Time (North India): Autumn (Sep–Oct), Winter (Nov–Jan)
Best Sowing Time (South India): All Year (best Oct–Feb for leaf quality)
Temperature: 15–25°C (cool-season crop; tolerates light frost)
Soil: Rich, moist, well-draining soil with compost
Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade (partial shade extends harvest in warm weather)
Watering: Keep soil consistently moist; water regularly
Spacing: 15–20 cm apart (thin after germination)
Germination Time: 5–10 days
Tip: Sow directly and thin seedlings. Harvest outer leaves regularly to encourage continuous growth. Avoid bolting by sowing in cooler weather.